CIHM 
Microfiche 
Series 
(l\/lonographs) 


ICIVIH 

Collection  de 
microfiches 
(monographies) 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  da  microraproductions  historiquas 


■""V  iBdC4^£K'ffe7"£'KaE'^}5cyKr'.^^/.7  ^TL-'^r^'^-'r  ^  -  r>:.\. : 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes  /  Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best  original 
copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this  copy  which 
may  be  bibliographically  unique,  which  may  alter  any  of 
the  images  in  the  reproduction,  or  which  may 
significantly  change  the  usual  method  of  filming  are 
checked  below. 


D 


Coloured  covers  / 
Couverture  de  couleur 


□   Covers  damaged  / 
Couverture  endommag^e 

□   Covers  restored  and/or  laminated  / 
Couverture  restaur^e  et/ou  pellicul^e 

Cover  title  missing  /  Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

I I   Coloured  maps  /  Cartes  g6ographiques  en  couleur 


D 


Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)  / 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


I      I    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations  / 


n 

D 
D 


D 


D 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


Bound  with  other  material  / 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 


Only  edition  available  / 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion  along 
interior  margin  /  La  reliure  serr^  peut  causer  de 
I'ombre  ou  de  la  distorsion  le  long  de  la  marge 
int^rieure. 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restorations  may  appear 
within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these  have  been 
omitted  from  filming  /  II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages 
blanches  ajout^es  lors  d'une  restauration 
apparaissent  dans  le  texte,  mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait 
possible,  ces  pages  n'ont  pas  6t^  film^es. 

Additional  comments  / 
Commentaires  suppl^mentaires: 


This  Kmii  la  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checlted  beiow  / 

Ce  document  est  fiime  au  taux  de  rMuetlon  ind(c|u4  ei-desaeus. 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire  qu'il  lui  a 
6\6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details  de  cet  exem- 
plaire qui  sont  peut-gtre  uniques  du  point  de  vue  bibli- 
ographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier  une  image  reproduite, 
ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une  modification  dans  la  m^tho- 
de  normale  de  filmage  so*^*  indiqu^s  ci-dessous. 

\\   Coloured  pages  /  Pages  de  couleur 

I I    Pages  damaged  /  Pages  enaommag6es 


n 


n 


n 


Pages  restored  and/or  laminated  / 
Pages  restaur^s  et/ou  pellicul^es 


0   Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed  / 
Pages  d^olor^es,  tachet^es  ou  piques 

Pages  detached  /  Pages  d6tach6es 

I  t/l   Showthrough  /  Transparence 

I      I   Quality  of  print  varies  / 


Quality  in^gale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material  / 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppl^mentaire 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata  slips, 
tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to  ensure  the  best 
possible  image  /  Les  pages  totalement  ou 
partiellement  obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une 
pelure,  etc.,  ont  6t§  film^s  k  nouveau  de  fafon  k 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 

Opposing  pages  with  varying  colouration  or 
discolourations  are  filmed  twice  to  ensure  the  best 
possible  image  /  Les  pages  s'opposant  ayant  des 
colorations  variables  ou  des  decolorations  sont 
film^es  deux  fois  afin  d'obtenir  la  meilleure  image 
possible. 


lOx 

14x 

18x 

?2x 

26x 

30x 

n/ 

12x 

16x 

20x 

a4x 

28x 

32x 

■.r  '•t:  ':fSxr<-'~^>.-ygi!& 


'  ^-'wywK** ,"' 


Th«  copy  filmed  h«r«  has  b««n  reproduced  thanks 
to  tha  ganarosity  of: 

National  Library  of  Canada 


L'axamplaira  filmt  fut  raproduit  grica  *  la 
gAnirosit*  da: 

Bibliotheque  nationala  du  Canada 


Tha  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  conuact  specifications. 


Las  images  suivantas  ont  *t*  reproduites  avac  ie 
plus  grand  soin.  compta  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
da  la  nettetA  de  I'exemplaira  film*,  et  en 
conformity  avac  las  conditions  du  contrat  da 
filmaga. 


Orisinal  copies  in  printed  peper  cover*  ere  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  lest  page  with  a  printed  or  illustreted  impree- 
sion,  or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  pege  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, end  ending  on  the  last  pege  with  a  printed 
or  illuetreted  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  eech  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  ^^  Imeening  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "ENO"l. 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  mey  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  sxpoi^ure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hend  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bonom.  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Lee  exempleires  origineux  dont  la  couverture  an 
pepier  est  imprimae  sont  filmas  en  eommancant 
par  la  premier  plet  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
darniAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  la  second 
plat,  salon  la  cas.  Tous  las  autres  exempiaires 
origineux  sont  film*s  en  commenqent  par  la 
premiere  pege  qui  comporte  une  ei^tpreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  darni*re  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
omprainta. 

Un  das  symbolas  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
darniire  image  da  cheque  microfiche,  selon  Ie 
cas:  la  symbols  "^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE".  Ie 
symbola  V  aignifia  "FIN '. 

Las  cartaa,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  etre 
f ilmAs  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diff*rents. 
Lorsque  Ie  document  est  trap  grand  pour  etre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA,  il  est  f  ilme  A  pertir 
de  Tangle  supirieur  gauche,  de  gauche  *  droite. 
et  de  haut  en  bas.  en  prenant  la  nombre 
d'imegea  nicassaire.  Lea  diagrammes  suivants 
illuatrant  la  mtthoda. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

'AiA'^Heii. .  iijuuvat'f 


MICROCOPY    RESOIUTION   TfST   CHART 

lANSI  ond  I50  TEST  CHART  No    2l 


A  APPLIED  IN4^GE     I 

^y.  16!>3   East    Mom    Street 

ST^  Rochester,    New    rort.  UouJ        USA 

■^—  (^16)   482  -  0300  -  P'noT.t 

^S  (^'6)    288  -  5989  -  fa. 


^9.^ 


H  ALI  FAX 


-Nova    Scotia- 


One    of    Canada's    Atlantic     Gateways 


/ 


/ 


COMPLIMENTS  OF 

The  Mayor  and  Corporation 

OF  HALIFAX 


Reprinted    from    the 

NEW       ENGLAND     MAGAZINE 

November    1900 

P«lHTtO    av    THE    «MCIIIC«    VRIKTINa   .;OI«^«nT     »^T«    FL»Ct.~80BT0N,  "■««».    O     S     « 


0  :if»^.;.i 


.4 
I 


Halifax,  Nova  Scotia 

One  of  Canada's  Atlantic  Gateways 


liy  A.   M.    I'AVNK 


II  Mil  W      ll.\l<l:i>K 


I      ill".   t^laniMur  wT    tla- (  irier.l,  iiii- 
X       t'i)lilc(l    liy    till-    I'pMcIi    makiiiu,' 
I'Vfiits  lit  ri'diu   \ears  tinds  a 
CMUiitiTparl  in  tlic  midway  <  )ci.'i'k'iit, 
on  tlic  nortlKTii  lialt  nt  the  AnuTican 
■'tincnt  wluTi-  tlu'  staid  I'.ast  yiidils 
jialni    lor  rapid  |)ro^'ri'ss  to   the 
nidicss    optimism    of    the    threat 
cst.      Nevertheless   the   e\|)ansi.>M 
of   tiie   West    is   larijely    due    to   tli 
restless   ciieri^y   .if  the    l-",ast.    wlien 
in    the   words   nf   C'arlyle   "the    ^na! 
of  yesterday  is  the  starting;-  point  n, 
tomorrow."      In    tlu'    hrnad    area   of 
nearl}-  4.(k)i),(h)()  sipiare  miles  of  iand 
and   water  conii)risinL:  the   Dominion 
i^)f  Canada,  between  ueean  and  ocean 
the   rrovinee  of   \'o\a   Scotia  occu- 
pies a   position  of  cnmmandin;;  im- 
I>ortance     as     the     nearvst     vantage 
.i^round  to  the  [''.nrnpean  trade  pivot 
Its     nomenclature     deser\  i  -     more 
than  passim.;  notice.     .Markland.  the 


"forest  land  nf  iiute,"  the  s.,ntheast- 
erii  extremity  .if  the  I  )ominion.  an<l 
\'inland  "the  ( ,. ..  .d"  ■  .n  tlu' slMrcs  of 
Massachusetts  and  klio.lc  island 
share  the  lei^emU  nf  the  ancient 
Xorse  disci  i\erers  a  thon^and  years 
hack  in   the  shad.iwy  past. 

r.'.Xcadie,  more  reliable  in  its 
adaptation,  a)!]. ears  to  bra  bleiidms^ 
of  the  .Micmac  ladie  .  .r  ()niMldy 
into  the  early  I'rench  term,  l/Aca- 
die.  an;,dicizt'(l  tn  .Vcadia,  a  clearlv 
detined,  eiijilinnii  ms,  title  whicii 
mii^ht  well  have  been  retained  for 
.•dl  time.  The  present  designation 
Xova  .•^ci.tia  (  Vew  .Scotland)  de- 
rives its  i.ri-in  from  .^ir  William 
.\ie.\ander  to  whom  Kinj,--  James  I  of 
l-".n.:ilaml  y;rante<l  the  territurv  in 
i'l-'i.  The  alert  pen-ejitii  ms  of  the 
early  .-rench  pi.meers  with  regard 
til  the -electi.n  iif  eli.t^ible  sjtes  were 
specially  indicate. 1  in  their  Vm^,  dc- 


HOUK   >IAn  K. 

TliU  \    I  I.DCK 


.nrTH     AFKI.    VN    W  V,:      MnNrMKNT  MAKTKI.I...      I-WKR 

CRIMrAX        WAK        Ml.NLMKNl 


Lli*.;.     >FT  fJJ^'i  »-4:  ■!*■ 


(.(iMHWIKNT      llolsK 

tiTiiiiiKMl    .tl-.n^    u<    >^■^■m^•    a    i'.m.i-  nf  AnuTici.  .hn!  ,- tin-  i;i1i  ami   iStli 

li^'lil    ill    l.'Aca.lic,  as   an   oiitin.-i   ..i  iiiitiirii-.    I  lu- -i-.|iicl  i- i\  imi  >  ot  imiI- 

Xi'u    Iraiu-c.     Xiuiur.ni-    iMdMrn.,,!,  miiiatiti;;  in  rc>nlt>  l'raiii;Iit  u  illi  pu- 

uiTc  nia<k'  h\   lluin.  imtahly  at  I'.-n  iinlial   inllnoiu-u  t..  cvltv    .|iiarU'i-  of 

Royal.    r.i'atiM'JMiif    and    l.oni-lMir-.  tlu-    '^hAt^-.       IV,, m    its    Mratt-u-    ad- 

wilh  luTiM.lioal   vi-its  1,,   llaic  >,,iiif  vanta-is  ,m   llic    \tl,imio  c-iasl   line 

tlu    llalilas  Ml  t.Mlav.  \,,va  So.iia  li.ld  \\w   l",  .rci^p  .und  in 

^  I  he  I'ViT  i)rt'si'nt   caMis   Ik-IH   wa-  tlu'  tlifatrc  ,,|  act',,ii,  i-\ir\   ni,,\r  ,11 

.\\\\     llnt^land    vitmis    Xcw    I'fatUf.  llic  clu->  K,  ,ai,l  ,  ,1"  strdc   ,K|,ondi',u 

\'>ltniu-s    niM>n    VMhiim>    liaw    l.ri'ii  on   its   ri't«iiti,,n.      h'.s  viitiiall\ .    Ilali"- 

writtcii.    dis|,layin,^;    a-    thnni.yli    an  lax.    tlif    rauital,   l,i^-aiiR.    tli;\t,ir:M 

ilhiminatin.tj  litinirv    laiiuTa  tlu-  sa  Cfiitrt'  ,,itliis  \,.nc\  ,  ,|  c,,!!)!!.-!.  The 

ryin,:;  phases  ,,t  a  -rcat  intiTiia''    u  ]>r\/x  ua-  n,,t  .-w'y  ilu-  ,-,  ,aM   liiu-  .,, 

al    .•-tru,L;i,d.'    i.,r    stipivniai-y    '          ^r  a  lK-iiii>|iluTi'.  rr.,ni    I  .ahi  .i,l,  .r  to  the 

Xi-w   \\,.r!,l.     •jlu   i,ariiti.,ii  ,,|     Mri  (  lull' of  MeNJc,.  l,ni   tlu    \aM  IiintiT- 

ca   in   ,,.ir  own   day   and   tlii'   siri'im-  laml  in  tlu- intcri,  ,r.  acT-siMe  i,,ihc 

Otis     di|.|oniatic     rivalry     impi-ndin^  Atlantic.  n,,rth   and   s,,ntl),   l,y   thri-e 

ironi  tinu-  t,itin).     - -LTctlu--  with  tlu  nii-lity  ri\  its.  and  a   u  on, h,  .u- chain 

late    llot.-r    war.   ^nahk-   the   eiu|iiiri-i  ,,f    inland    iia\i-ahK     s(-.-i~    in    r,,nti- 

of    tik    jot:i    a-ninry    t,,    •    ider-iaiul  .i^nity,      Takin-    the    1"  .tindarie-    of 

more  ylearly.  by  c-ontniM.  ilu-  |.r,,l,  .;(,,^     Xova    .so.tia     (•.,mi.rised     the 

lem  of  aseendaiu-x    ,111   tlu-  i-,,ntinen;  whole    three    l'ro\iiu-e-   n,,w    kiDwii 


?S'<S1' 


n-i     the     Maritime 
,,r     Atlantic     I't-- 
\im-i.>   'it    TaiKi'la 
III    the    year    1784 
New      i'.runswick, 
I'riiioc  'Muard  Is- 
hmd,      ami      Cape 
r.retnii     were     •'.- 
tacheil      <>\vin|i4 
i-hictly  to  a  pnlicy 
of    panic    nil    tlie 

part  of  the    i;riti>h   (iovenunent   m 
restrain  coiisnhilatioii  in  its  riinain- 
iii^'    j)usse>sii)ns    in     Xorlh     Ameri- 
ca'^    in    iKjo  I'ape    r.retnti   was   re- 
united i'<  Nova  Sectia.hut  the  >eeil- 
ut  tlie  "riL,Miial   vyiilely  planned  -epa- 
ration  hnre   a   frnit   of  discoiineeted 
interests      and      retanled      ])n)j^'res> 
thronRhont    I'.ritish    North    America 
l,,r  ahiiost  a  century.    'Ihe  I'ro' ince 
,,f   Nova  Scotia  is  situated  l)elween 
the   oi>l   and  (i<>th   dei;rees   .if   west 
lonsilude,  and  tl'.e  ^.V'\  and  4(>lh  par- 
allels of  north  latitu.le.  Its  greatest 
length  i>  ^So  miles  and  its  bre;i<lth 
varies  fmrn  40  to  (1.1  miles.     In  for 
it    hears     -oinewhat     of     a     re-^ ... 
hlance  to  the  shajie  of  {he  crn-tacean 
so   frcel-  inhanitint:  its  waters,  but 
its  topoL;ra]ihy  may  he  described  as 
that  of  an  obioni;  sipiare.     It  is  sur- 
rounded by  the  sea,  and  were  it  not 
for  the  twelve  mile  isthmu-  of  Haie 
Verte.    would    be    an    inland.      The 


ri,K.\>\M     I'AWK 


IMiv-ical    features    of    the     I'rovince 
presents  a  well  di\ersirKMl  aspect  of 
vallev,    ni)lan<l    and    mountain,   pro- 
fusely watered   by   lakes  an.l   rivers 
frin^'ed  by  a  coast  line  indented  with 
excellent  liarbots.  coves  and   inlets 
The  liiL;liest  land  is  in  Cape  I'-reton 
which  is  abiK        i.itersected  by   Uras 
1  )'t  )r  Cake.  :<i  arm  of  the  sea  uni<|ne 
ill  its  coinme'-iial  utilit>    and  majes- 
tic j^jrandeur 

The  soil  of  the   I'rovince  in  s^'"' 
eral  is  fertile,  ripening  most  of  the 
Lorain  <  and  all  the  staple   fruits  and 
vei;c tables  in  orilinary  usr.  the  An- 
napolis and  Cornwallis   \alleys  eii- 
jovinu'  a  capacity  of  yield  rarely  ex- 
eellecl   in   the   most   favored  regions 
The  area  is  jo.Ikk")  s.piare  miles,  the 
j'opnlatioii  approximates  half  a  mil- 
lion, the  exports  ill  round  ti.sjjurcs  art- 
Si  7.000.1  ht<i  and  the  im])orts  Si.V(xx).- 
(XK)    .-iceordinii-    to    jireseiit    day    re- 
turns.   Since  tabulate'l  records  have 


■'"m 


I  I     \   I .  I    I      \  \ ,        \  I  '  \      \        X     ,  ,    I     I     \ 


V\l  f.     |l|.i,|lU  .  .1    III    hKi~..  tliu  tl\    .It    till 

1  M<ii-iv  I-  |il.iiil  ..|'  III,    I  )..iri!np.ii  |i4.ti 
.lll'l  MrrI  I    ..Ml|i.lll\    ill   '>\  .Iiu-\  .  a  l.lp- 

i'll>    a.l\  .III!  iiiu     ^|ilu  If     i.f     ;n  li\  II  V 

'l'-iiii..|    t .iIm'    ii    ihc    ■I'lii^l.iii - 

'  'I   ilic  I  >.  <niiiih  .n"    M  ill,-  IK  ,11   fiilim  . 
■^ii-    \\  lUi.iiii    I  .iiil,;iirn  ill  lii^  u  ■  ■;  k 
..II  11, .11  ii'c«  I  ill-  l'..|l..u  III-  l.iii-iia-i- 
.11  \..\  .'I  >. .  tia  «.  .nu'  ..t  th,    li.-lu  -I 


In'fll  stiplilit'il  liy  iitVKi:il  ilaia   i- .iiu' 
thirty  vi'ars)  tlic  t-i.al  iirncltuti.'ii  ul 
Neva    Scotia    h:\^    lioiii    !>'5.()ik),(xk) 
tuns.    valiH'il    at    .Si.V>.'x»,(j(k).      .\1- 
tlidui;!)    tlif   amiiial   coal   i>rn(liuliiiii 
now  I'xrftils  till'  t"i>lu'ry  yield  in  oa^li 
\altio.   the    threat    ini]iorta,ici'   of   rlu- 
lishi-Ty  iniht>ti\  and  the  siunitiram-f 
attachi'd    in    it-.    ai-<|ni-,itii  m    |i\     tlu' 
I  arlii'st     coli.iii/i-r-.     are     coiitirnu'd 
and  strtMij,'tlu'ni(l  liy  -lu-li  ^iih^tantial 
ri-siilts     a-<     ihi-     additi..n     ..f     s,  ,iuf 
S.'3(),(KKi,o(i<)    ii.    ilu'    woahh    ..f    the 
l'ro\ini'f    fr.  .in    it^    pv.  .>ci-iitioii.    ho- 
.yinnini;  with  tlie  year  of  (  ..iifidtra 
tion  down  to  \hv  (.•iirrenl  xf.iv.     The 
yold    priidncii..ii    ]\:\-.   reaoliid   ahoiit 
?i7,(XK).co(H)  ill  ;i  >imilar  period,  the 
liamier  year  of   Hjoj  showini;-  S'''^".- 
,Vi7-        74-1  ">i>  toiiv   (,f   irmi  ore   were 
rai,.<ed  hast  year.  _'74,o(H)  toii>  ni  h'nie- 
stoiic.    and    cli.^e    upon    j{H>.n.)i>  tons 
of   j,'ypsiiin.      (  )f   e..ke    _^oS,ih)o   i.,iis 


Hi.N.       l.f.iKi.K  Ml   uuw.        I  KKMlKk       i)P 

.  l'.\     .>ii  I.I  I  \ 

ores  yet  di-ei  .\  ireil  nc-nr  in  hound- 
h--s  aliiindanee  Tlie  iron  niaiini'ae- 
tiired  fi-Miii  them  i  .  iif  the  \er>-  l)est 
<inaiit\  and  i-,  e.i  lai  to  the  tine>t 
Swedivji  inet.-iL"  '■Aeadian  (,e,  ,1- 
oyy"  lias  heeii  l.'illiantlx-  eliuid.iteil 
in  the  stand.-ir.l  work  nf  .^ij-  William 
l>a\vv,  ,n.  uhieh  -pei  ilies  >iX  -eparale 
li'".k>.  reports  .nid  pamphlets  .-i-  -np- 
plememin-  the  iin  estiyatio,i-  . .{ that 
distint,niisheil  authority.  Dr.  (  iilpin. 
I".  I\.  S.  ('..  Chief  Insjiector  ..f  Mine- 
lor  Xii\a  .->eiitia  in  a  reeent  report  -in 
tile  .Miiu'ra!  I.amN  ..f  tin-  J'ro\iiu-e 
say  .  "The  j.ecnliarly  diversified  na- 
ture   of    the    .\..va    .^eotia    minerals 


w    ^i 


HALIFAX,      NOVA     SfoMA 

M,).iiit:iin>anit  ;il  poiiits 
fmni  Niclanx  t"  \\'>lt- 
villv  thi>  fm-nialiiMi  is 
i„,tc(l      lor      larijc      <le- 


ftitein 


icltliiii;'      1' 


S,  linm.    InK    IIIK    r.l.lNll 

niav    ln'    iu<li;i'il    "'    '>>' 

tlic'  lai-l    llial    il    lias    in 

clu-i-     i-fhuiniislii])     ilie 

tlirtr      ni'isl      valuahlc, 

iiMii,     ci>al      ami      I-;"'''- 

TIk'  iiiitiatinii  ('f  oxti'ii- 

sivo      inm      and      >ui'l 

works    in    dircclint;    al- 

tcnli.in   ti>  it-   lari;i'   '''-■- 

,„,sit^    cl    wic.    and    i>l     Inel-vi 

cnkc   danncd   t..  U-   tlu'  l.cst   in    the 

world.      Anion--.  >tlKT  minerals  more 

or    los    worked    may    lie    mentioned 

lead,    ziiK-,    silver,    eopper.    nian-a- 

iiese    yvpsnm.  harvle-.  etc. 

[•nnn   data   suppH^'-l   ''.^    M'"-    ■\"" 
of  the   Can;idian   (ie.do-ieal    ^nrvey 
Dr.  (.illiin   r^'lVr>  \"  llu'  extent   an.l 
a-es  oi  l.eol,,-ieal  strata  as  t.dh.ws; 
"The   l.am-entian  >y>tem  is  well  de- 
veloped  in   (ape    I'.reton,  ocenpyini: 
the  more  elevale.l  i.nrt'ons  of  the  in- 
land.    The   llnronian   >ystem   is   not 
vet   recorde.l    a>  ocenrrinu   i"    ^'"^  ' 
Scotia.      The  npper  and  lowr  Cam 
l.rian  are  repre-eiite.l.  the  o-ol,pi,ear- 
miX    series    eoii-isiin.i;-    of    an    nppcr 
-late,    a    I'.wer    (|nart/ite    formation 
hein-    al-.    referre.l    t.^    it.       Straf, 
carrvin-   i.re>    of    iron    are    also    re- 
ferred to  tl'.e  npp^'r  (.amhrian.      ih-' 
iipi)er  divisi.m  -f  Sir  U.  Murehison- 

,-■!      •    ,,    ;       ..t...•'.^,■^\    (li'\'.-1c  iiu'd   in 
Silurian   i>  e  -.'.'  f"-'  • "  ■.■ 

.\.)va  Scotia  and  aloni;  the  northern 


^•^ 


>  v-       ^tm 


u.M.iinrsiK    r.Mvr.ksiTV 


Devonian  at 


Mts  of  iron  ore.     'I  he  I'ex 

d    .\risai,!.;    and    at    lar.u> 
(ind.and 


\iet:'.nx    ami 

.M-ea-  in  (ape  IWet^.n.  Kichm. 
(  ;„N>lHiro  count ie>  onlains  deposits 
,,;  i  ..th   imn  and  coi)per.     'riie  car- 
l„,„iin-.ms  -v>teni  is  typically  repre- 
sented in    Nova  Scotia  in  the  north- 
ern and  ea>tern   counties.      1  he  pro- 
ductive horixM,,  is  met  in  the  conn- 
tic-  of  Caiie   I'.reton.   Kichm.m.l.  In- 
verness.    I'ictou     ami     (.■umherland 
•|l,is  i>  miderlaid  hy  strata  of  miU- 
Mone  i^-rit.  carl.oniferous  limestones 
,^,„,     i7„vor     or     basal     conglomer- 
ates. 

-1  Higher  divisiniis  occur  ahuii;-  ll'e' 
strait-  of  Xorthnmherland  and  m 
the  interior  of  Cnmherlaiid  ('onntv 
a,,parentlvpa>sin- into  the  IVrmian 
The  ■rria»ic  svstem  is  repre-ented 
,„,  tlu'  llav  of  1-undy  and  the  I'.asin 
,,f  Minas  l".v  l.eds  of  hrii^ht  red  sand- 
.l,,ne  anil'the  (  )narternary  system 
record>  the  i;lacial  action  which  this 
province    ha-   been    sui)iected    to.   ii» 


■T?T?^P5SS?^ 


\  I.  I  I    \  X,     X  (  1  \'  \     S(   (  ri  I  \ 


I'roiii  ilir  iMiir  tin-  Imi'Nmii  ua^  laiil: 
in  I'ai'l,  ill  •  iiiM^i  widi'Iy  kii.iu  ii 
ImililtT  I  111  ihr  c.  .iiiiiiciii  wa^  I  ).  Hialil 
ALu'kax  I'l'  X.'\a  Si-niia.  Tlu'  i'\- 
tiMi-iw  -i>iiur  arra^  .if  th,.  rni\iiK-c 
pri'ilicalc  imp.  .nan  rc~iill>..  tlu- |.r.  >- 
liiictioii  .ii"  inilp  \v...  .il  ainl  w.  n.il  jinlp, 
a  c.iiiiparaii\rl\  new  iii.|ii-tr\  .  a-- 
Miniiiij4  pP  .p..rii.  .11^  uinlrcaiiRMl  ,.i'  a 
I'cw    yrar-    ai;...        Tlic    hniMino    aii.l 


k..|;KI<l       I        \l.     IIKKITII.      M\\..U     I.:        IIM.IIW 

ciMiiiiKni  \\  itli  tin-  rot  ..f  tlu'  Acadian 
n.'.i;"i<m." 

Tlu-  aL;riciiltiiral  aii.l  iiiaiiiifai.-tiir- 
iiiL,'  iiitcrfst>  ..i"  X..\a  Sclia  >li..\\ 
i(.'lati\i'l\  cfMlitalilc  iTiiinis  ■-h-a.liK 
|)ri>!Lrrt.-S'~iiiu:  \>y  mean--  ..l'  tlu'  in-acti- 
cal  aii(!  trclinical  i-\]iiTiciu'c  ijaiiu'.i 
lr.>in  seas.  Ill  to  season,  tlic  para- 
mount lU'ci'ssity  for  tlic  latter,  in 
every      (K-]>artment       n\      in.lustrial      -^     ^'     '■'■-''■   i'ki-h.i.m    .^i    i:'..m;i.  ..i    tkm.;.; 

ctTort.  Iiaviiii;-  hce.mic  a  settle. 1  en-  i,.,,,.ii;,,  .       ;      i,;        i  i 

.     .  ,,  ,  ,  ii.iiiilliiiy    ot    >iiip-,    liecoincs    s,-comI 

v:cli..n  am. mi;  all   ranks  am     c.m.  i-  ..-.inr,.     ,       ii,  oi 

....  natiiie     to     tlu'     a\  era.'e     riliien.isc 

tl.'HS   .l|    lllc.  I,,  ,.  11  ,  ,  ., 

Il.il.llv     e\er   lie\.ir.l    _>o   ..r    ^o   miles 

Tile   r..rcst   yiel.l   of   tile    l'r..\ince  fr.,m   the  -.mn.i  .,i   ilu'  ^ea.      Xainr- 

lia-   always  i.ecii  a  iiromiiient   factor  ally  his  tli..n.-lit-  ami  ideas  .Iwelloii 

in     he  (level. .pmeiit  ,,\  its  iialnral  re-  maniie  >'iiIerpri-M-  ainl  trail-].,  irlatioii 

sources.  ,)ver  i,(}  ]ier  cent.  .,|  Lie  area  inlere-t>  -, -ler.alh.  l.,..kin-'  |..ruanl 

i  eht.i;    protit-hcari';-    w...  .dlan-l.      In  i,,  ilu.  da>    u  hen  '  m,  ..Irrn  -teel   -liip 

the     days     n\     u...ideii     ships     X..va  Imil.liii-  plant,  will   >np|ih-  the  \-oiil 

Sc.tia  st.M.d  in  the  fn.nt  rank  of  ship,  created  hy  the  .leclinc  .  .f  tl'ie  familiar 

l)iiil.liii--  aii.l  ship  ..wiiin-   cmiitries  sliipxanl-  which  l.est..wi-.l  pn.-perity 


and    .Xova    .'^ctia    vosels   and   tliei 


in     im-tiiiled     measure     lr..m     (ape 


captains  enjoyed  an  eiivialile  repiita-  .<ahle  i.,  (ape  X.irtli.  Tin.  li^rht 
ti.iii  f.ir  elVicieiicy  in  all  the  i^real  sea-  h.nise-  in  X.iva  Scotia  mimi.er  I"i2, 
Jiorts  of  the   w.irld.      .Many  of  tlie-e       and     tlie.ie    are    _'j^     li.L;hr- 


old-timc 


cippers  knew  their  vessel-       ca-is,    with    So    i,;i.,v-.    f.  .^    alai 


"SKEINt;    IIAl.HAN 


and  other  appliances,  mcludni^'  a 
light  ship,  an  array  of  satejiuard^ 
and    precautions    seldom    suri)as>eU 

anvwhere. 

in  this  brief  review  ot  Nova  Scotia 
it  niav  be  of  interest  to  hark  back 
for  a  moment  to  the  opinions  ol  ony 
or  two  of  the  "ancient  authorities. 
Charlevoix    enthusiastically     writes 
thus   of    Xova    Scotia    and    its    sur- 
roundiuRs  in  i/^'S-     "'nH-re  are  per- 
haps no  Provinces  i-.  the  world  pos- 
sessing finer  harbors,  or  fnrnishnvj; 
in    oreater    abundance    all    the    con- 
veniences   of    life.      The    climate    is 
quite  mild  and  very  healthy,  and  no 
lands  have  been  found  that  are  not 
of  surpassinsr  fertility.     Finally,  no- 
where  are  there  to  be  seen   forests 
more  beautiful,  or  with  wood  better 
fitted  f.)r  buildings  and  masts.  Ihere 
arc  ill  some  idaces  copper  mines,  and 
in  others    some   of   coal.     The    hsh 
most  commonly  cau.trht  on  the  coast 
are  the  cod.  salmon,  mackerel,  her- 
rintr.     sardine,     shad,    trout.    i;oUe. 


..aparot.  barbel,  sturgeon,  -oberge 
all  fish  that  can  l)e  salted  an<l  ex- 
],orted.  Seals,  walruses  and  whales 
are  f'>ii"<l  i"  ^^eat  numbers.  1  he 
rivers,  too.  are  full  of  fresh  water 
fish,  and  the  banks  teem  with  count- 
less game." 

\  centurv  later  llallock.  an  .\mer- 
ican  writer,'  says  :    "Herewith  I  enter 
the   lists  as  the  champion  .  i   Xova 
Scotia.     Were  I  to  give  a  first  class 
certificate  of  its  inrcneral  character  1 
wr.uld  at=firm  that  it  yichls  a  -rcater 
xarietv  of  uroducls  for  eNroil  'ban 
anv     territory     of     the     globe,     ol 
the   same   superficial   area.      I'ris   i-. 
saving  a  great  deal.  Let  us  see;  she 
has     ice.     lumber,     ships,     salt-fish, 
salmon  and  lobsters,  coal,  iron,  .gold. 
coi)per.    plaster,    slate,    grindstones 
lat    cattle,    wool,    potatoes,    apples, 
large  game  and  furs. 

These       predictions.       contrasted 

with  the  clear  cut  statistics  of  the 

latest  Dominion  Year  Book  furnish 

a   retro^pect   that    spe.-iks   for   itselt. 

8 


Tlic  niotrii])cilis  uf  this  sc;i-j;irt  I'mv- 
iiice  is  Halifax,  so  iianiecl,  fnur 
iiKiiiths  after  its  scttk-niciit  in  \~4[) 
as  a  conipliincnt  to  one  of  its  chii'f 
founders,  ( ieortje  I)unk-Montat,aie, 
lu'irl  of  Halifax,  i"irst  Lord  of 'I'radc 
.".nd  I'lantatioiis,  a  Cabinet  officer  in 
tlie  (lavs  of  ( ieor.Lje  II.  'I'lie  alxiriL;- 
inal  desijriiation  was  Cliil)ouotou,  a 
Micniac  word,  sit,niifvini^  "Chief 
haven."  Chehiicto  ilead,  the  hold 
rocky  headland  at  the  western  en- 
trance of  the  harbor,  familiar  to 
many  navifjators,  still  retains  the 
Indian  name.  In  a  sense.  Halifax 
was  a  _\oiniu;er  sister  to  I'.oston. 
wiu)se  citizens  had  formed  a  com- 
mittee advocatinjj-  its  establishment 
to  check  the  encroachments  of  the 
French,  althou.qh  they  had  thirty 
years    previously    vetoed    a    ^itiiilar 


undertakint,'  sulmiitted  by  C'a])tain 
(oram.  The  locality  had  been  fre- 
ijuently  \isited  by  earlier  French  ex- 
plorers as  f;ir  b.-ick  as  Champlain's 
time  i:.  i^i.^i.  That  intrei)id  leader 
christened  it  "I.;i  baie  Saine"  ("The 
.^afe  r>ay"|  which  was  the  accepted 
I'rench  title  <in  their  maj)s  and  charts 
for  upwards  of  a  century.  X'illeboii 
;i  (loMTtmr  at  l'<irt  Royal  under  the 
l-"rench  rei^dme,  naively  pronoinicerl 
it  "one  of  the  finest  ports  Nature 
coidd  form."  The  early  ann;ds  of 
Halif.'ix  ,-ibound  with  incidents  of 
yreat   historic  interest. 

I-"our  years  prior  to  its  settlement 
by  (  ornwjillis.  Louisbury^  had  fallen 
before  the  invincible  assaidt  of  .\'ew 
Fn^dand  militiamen,  aided  b_\-  a  llrit- 
ish  s(piailron.  A  halo  of  sympathy 
encircle-^  the   fate  "f  tlte  expediti-jii 


II  A  1 


JO 


I  ,.    \  X.      .\<'\   A      •'^^'" 


l-  I  A 


ful    ikHi   cnit    into    r,r.li,,r.l    I'.asin^ 
ihc  intuT  ha;-l.-r  ,,f  Halifax.   \<"xw\ 
it>;  waters  lie   the   un-oeii   -ravo  ni 
„ver  a  tliuiisand  hrav    -.Miiis  an.l 
sailors    of     La     I'.oU''     France,     vr-. 
tints   of   ic-nipcsl    ati'l    ili-oase.       I  li-' 
two  admirals  in   n.nnnand   i.iTislu'  I 
i„  shocr  .lcsi)air.  tin'    Duo  (rAnv.ll. 
of  apoplexy.  1  )'l".stournelle,  the  vu-o 
a.lniiral.    hv    his    ..v.n    han<l.       1  wo 
veai  -   later,    and   htU    a   year  l.elore 
the    settlement    of     Halifax,     l.om-- 
l)ur^  was  restored  to  I'ranee,  in  ex- 
eha'nue    for    .Madras,    hy    the    treaty 
of  Aix  la  (diai.elle.     .\s  may  well  he 
conceived.   fre(|neiu   dissetisious  and 
occasional     rni.tnres     of     the     peace 
1,,   k  I'lace  between  the  new    -ettler> 
and  the   I'rench  and   Indian-. 

Six  vears  aftu"  the  settlement  of 
Halifax  actual  war  between  the  two 
-reat  rival-  broke  out  afre-h  and  the 
-tar  of  1-ranci'  seemed  for  a  tinn-  to 
be  in  the  ascendant,  en-enderin^ 
covert  hostile  intr'.ues  anion-  the 
|;,,..,^h  Neutrals  ^^l!  .  we^.  however. 
coni;>elled    to    exacuite    r.eausejour. 


(,i<i-.KN    i;an^ 
l'n.ioun<Uy  stirred  bv  tiie 
.bsaster    on    the    .\lonon- 
irahela,    the    expulsion    ot 
,1h-    Acadians    en    masse 
was    carried    out    by    the 
authi^rities   at    Halifax,   a 
|.,,litico-miliLary    episode 
-tern  in  its  ueces-ity.  but  almost  in 
human  in  its  accomplishment.     In  a 
n„,re     beneticent     and     euh-htencl 
a-c    the  sa.l  story   ha-   been    woven 
into   a    maslerinece   of   imper.shaole 
vcr-e  bv    the   mo>t   di-tin-m-h.ed  ot 
\meriea'>   poets.      I'salm   cxxxv.i.  a 
-acred     Ivric     of     patriotic      lervo.. 
lnuchinL;lv   p..rtrays  the  rea.hly  m, 
ao-ined     laments    of    the     I'-xdes    ot 
\cadia.      a      disheartened      few      ol 
whom     -ucceeded    in     returniim     to 
their  cherished  homes,  to  find  then, 
Mccupie.l  bv  their  oppressor-.     .\  re 
cent     bionrai.her    of     William     I'ltL 
tcrsJv    allude-    to    the    sa-acity    ot 
l".md;imr-  i;reat  statesman  in  takm- 
full   advantage  in    1737  of  the   ports 
,,f  \cw  N'ork  and  Halif.ax  when  both 
were    under    I'.rilish    control,    t,,   re- 
trieve  the    disa-ter-    which    misman- 
agement   had    broni^ht    about    from 
the  tinu  of   r.raddock's  defeat  down 
to  the  triumph  of  Montcalm  at  Car- 
illon.    To  offset   New  York  and  Hal- 
ifax  I.oui-  X\'.  and  his  a-tute   Min- 
ister   of    War    held    l.oui-bur|^-    and 
(  )nebec.         I'.ventually      bofn      sue- 


-,**«^ 


Wf^ 


EVA.NdKl.lNE    l..\M> 


ctuiihi'd  Id  I'xpcilitii  Ills  ( ir^anizcil 
mainly  at  Halifax.  In  tlic  tiiial  n- 
siilt  <>\  tiu'  iiMiuisitioii  lit  (.'anada  in 
1751)  histiiriaiis  arc  lint  wantin!:;  wli" 
innti'iid  that  the  fnrtiines  of  war  in 
(icrniany  had  iinuli  to  do  with  the 
nioiiK'ntons  course  of  events,  al- 
tlioui,di  the  skilful  strateiryof  Wolfe 
and  Amherst  were  all  iiii])ortan; 
elements  in  the  outcome. 

.\  candid  estimate  of  the  respec- 
tive \a!ue  of  maritime  points  of  \an- 
tai^e  on  the  coast  line  of  .\ortli 
.\merica  can  hut  lead  to  the  conclu- 
sion that  in  the  peaceful  pursuit  of 
the  jiaths  of  commerce  .\'ew  N'ork 
and  Halifax  are  still  as  su|)reme  in 
their  Li^io^raijhical  convenience  as 
in  the  days  when  I'itt  utilized  them 
so  consiiicnonslv  for  tlir  lioU'ir  and 


firsi  >e\en  year>  of  exi>tencv-,  Hali- 
fax at  once  ro>e  into  prominence  a- 
an  extensive  >hippin!,'-  centre,  and 
for  a  lengthy  perio(l  its  p|-oi,ri-i^.^s 
was  insei>.iral)ly  associateil  with 
I'.ritish  military  and  n,-i\al  interests. 
.\loreo\er  j;reat  commercial  ad\an- 
tai^H's  had  heen  sui^^ested  i)y  tlie 
people  of  .Massachusetts  as  likely  to 
result  from  tiie  estal)li>]inieni  of  a 
fa\oral)ly  located  central  harlior  on 
the  .\tlautic  coa>t  line,  '["his  fore- 
cast proved  a  correct  (pue.  'i'lie  di-<- 
mantlinu;'  of  i.oui>l)ur,L;-.  the  "Dun- 
kirk of  .\merica."  and  thi-  tr.ri^fer 
of   its  i^arri>on.   munition^   an  1 

terial-  to   Halifax  undonlitedl ',  de 

lor  the  ad\ancemeul  of  the  lamr. 
It  was  unfortunately  the  fa>hion  in 
tlio-e    ol<l    da\- 


Qlorv  0 


f  ( ireat    r.ritain.      I'nder  tl 


tosternii;-  care  ot   a   t;enerous   moth-      the  Mritishand  l"r 


ir-laud.   which   la\isheil 
>2.'  iCio.Ciii  I  o|]  ii~  ^iip|p..r 


to    clepreciale    the 

le      -tatii-  of  the  colonial  force-  hy  liotli 

eiich  regular  arm  v 


upwards  oi      ,,tticer-. 


and    manv    ill    founde 


lire- 


'•  'lining;    11-      jumce- exi>te(l  w  nil  relereuci-    to   tht 
1  [ 


V.     -.TAliKnN.    1NIK.WN.\TH>N.M.      KKl.All^ 


sov.niv  of  •  ,e   clinKite,   an.l   .lo;.,-  ., 
,„■   ,,.,n,rccs   in    tlu'   m-rc  northcrlv 
,,,iion  ni  ilK-  Amorican  plaiUat.ons. 
-n,e    French    apparently   wore-   nmrc 
i„,lnH.l  with  hopo  than  the  h.n;4hsh, 
whn^c    ahan.l.^nnu-ni    "t    l..un>l)nri; 
in  conscinence  -1  the  pcssnnisni  ot 
\,hniral   Warren   was   the  cause  ot 
oreat    <hssatislacti(.n    in    Now    I'.n-; 
ran.l    where    >uch    heroic    and    sell- 
.Icnvins:    sacrifices    had    I.eenntaae 
to  Jnsure  its  first  ca-ture.     Contin- 
uous  warfare   effectivel.v    stnnuLite-l 
transportation       .level.M>"HMits       at 
Halifax  anil  a  lar-,-  trade  si.raNti  up 
between  the  ports  of  sister  colonies 
to   the   north   as   well   as   the   s.mth. 
I  etter^  of  niar.|ue   were  constantlx 
,,n    the    win-,   and    wealth    accumu- 
lated raipdlv  durin-  the  Xapoleon-c 
wars.     With  peace  came  a  reaction 
of  activity   and  some   lean  business 
vears  ensued.     The  tox.n.  however, 
■,vas  now  fairlv  on  its  feet,  and  the 


f,shervindustrywhichha.l  iHcn  UK 
Uadin-  feature  of  the  Whitehall  ad ^ 
vertisement  invitinii  the  on-mal 
settlers,  was  more  viijorously  un- 
,U-rtaken.  aiul  a  large  ar.d  lucrative 
ua.le  with  the  W  est  Tnd.es  and  the 
^lianish   main  promoted. 

-Ihe  first  bank  was  opened  m  i8.'5 
,nd  ere  lon.g  world-wide  ventured 
,vcre  entcrprised.  tea  bes^an  to  be 
imported  direct  from  t  h.na.  whal- 
in.'  vovaues  to  the  South  Seas  were 
prosecuted,  ar  ,hip  buildin;^  eager- 
iv  ,n,a.,^ed  in  not  only  at  lalitax 
and  Hartmouth.  but  at  the  head  oi 
the  harbor  in  V.edfonl  as  well. 

Halifax  was  one  of  the  very 
earliest  in  the  field  to  establish 
^team  communication  with  h.urope. 
,1,0  arrival  of  R.  M.  S.  F-riiannia  m 
lulv  1S40.  at  the  Cunar.l  pier,  be- 
in.;  the  inauguration  o?  tlie  now  fa- 
mous Cunard.  I.ine.  The  first  rail- 
way was  operated  at   .Mbion   Mmes 


T2 


IJSV**. 


i;ANn     KiiiSK.   irr.i.ic 


ill  lS_V)  .'Mill  --II  111  ;i  nil. IT  .■uiiliilii  Ills 
Iirnjcr!  lic^aii  111  1h'  .•r^itMivl.  In 
1S54  Jusi'dIi  lldwi.'  liinii'd  tlir  fir^t 
Mill  111  tlic  \iiva  ScDli.i  l\;iil\v;iy. 
iiiiw  kiiiuvn  a-i  iIk  I.  ('.  K..  nr  I'di- 
l>K''s  Ko.'i'l,  wliicli,  with  its  I'liiiiu'C- 
linns,  Cdiistilnti'S  a  Icailiiii;  link  in 
an  imperial  cliain  •<!  ci  unniiinii-a- 
tion,  trmn  the  Atlaniic  tn  the  Pa- 
cific, as  (k'sit;iieil  h_v  the  iilnl  nf  the 
]ini)iilace,  its  Halit;nnian  chainpiini 
In  a  ccins'deratinn  of  Halifax  fn  ini 
•he  inndtTn  \ie\\  ixiiiits.  the  super- 
lative advantai^a's  of  its  spacinii^ 
liarlior  eni])hasi/.c  its  cuiiiniercial 
iniimrtance  in  a  marked  cKL;rei\ 
I  )escripti<ins  Iiardly  ijn  justice  In 
llalifax  harlxir:  it  n-jcds  in  In.-  >een. 
Sixteen  miles  hmf^;.  f>ne  tu  twn  miles 
^^ide.  eii^lu  tu  tweUe  tatliiini>  deep, 
twenty  s(|iiare  miles  in  t'Xteiii  iii- 
cludiiii;  Tiedl'ord  liasiii,  the  highest 
marine  anthnrities  lia\e  pri  iiii  miiced 
il  "one  of  the  finest  ;ind  safest  deeji 
'.v;itcr  harlxirs  in  the  world."  .Mc- 
Xab's  Island,  three  miles  lunt;,  af- 
ford.s  perfect     iieUer  and   llu-   shore 


line  lakini;  in  the  l''.a>tern  I 'as>a,!„'e 
Mid  the  \'i  irtlnvr^t  \riii  covers  lie- 
iwreii   flirty  and  lifty  irile^. 

The  I'.a-tern  pa>saL;e  intere>ts 
I'tiited  .^tale>'  \i^iiois  in  recalling,' 
the  e--c;iiie  of  the  ( 'oiifeder.'ite 
»t<.'aiiier  'r;ill:ili;i~~er  from  the 
clnlclies  of  a  I'ederal  ^i|n,idron  mi 
l!ie  watch  in  the  outer  roadstead 
diiriii!,;'  the  War  of  .Recession.  The 
eiur.'ince  from  tlu'  sea  is  five  and 
I'lie-h.alf  inile>  wide,  and  the  f.iir- 
way  frmii  (  helmcto  IU;ul.  within 
;iii  Imnr  of  the  cit\  pier,-,  is  clear 
and  free  from  1  ih'-triict'on  m-  iKI.iy 
The  (Jnar.intine  St;itii  at  I,;  .slor'^ 
Isl.and  is  IkxihhI  criti  111.  ideal  in 
e\ery  res])ect.  Tin-  ikve'.i  ipmeiit  of 
the  .L;iam  freii^hter  .-iiid  llu-  ..  ilii^>al 
p,'i-seii,i,;er  liiu'r  ..f  jo.ikki  1..  ^o.ooo 
tons.  Imt  i-nh;inci>  tin-  cap.acity  of 
llalifax  liarlior.  in-t,-mt;iiieoii>.l\- 
a\:iil;ilile.  at  .-inv  ^tate  of  the  tide, 
and  at  any  hour  of  the  day  or  nii.;ht. 
.\  h,'i\en  it  is,  in  \er_\-  s.  mtli.  for  the 
limp  j^reyhonnd  of  the  .\tlantic 
af[.-r  a  ttissle  with  moniitain  .^eas  in 


13 


ixmsihilitv     of      nunt 


riKi  F.i.i  I 

nm.Ji   ucntlKT.     Ab!  ""ly  "•  '•;'-''^;'' 
Il.-iliiaN.   with  it-  ni:i>-ivu  (lry_  .l"ck. 
;i,„l  it>  woalth  ..I   ai.i>li:iiK-o-  l.>r  re- 
pair   has   ..ftcn   l.ce.i    the    tVrvoiit    il 
uv-ttercl  l-ravcr  ..f  hope  Inr  weary 
st(.nn-t..>M'(l      ciniiniaiMUTS     In.we.l 
,l,.\vii     witli     the     re   . 
hundreds    of    hve>    and    th.-usamls 
upon    thousands   of    vahiahle   eari^o. 
\t  a  eertain  transit   position  on  the 
\\  cstern  (  )eian.  Halifax  is  the  near- 
i.st  and   most   easily  aeeessil.le   port 
for    either    eastward    or    westwar.l 
l,nun<l    tonna,L;e,    its   eonvenienee    as 
a   hunker   port,    from    even    extreme 
southern  points  of  the  eontment  ot 
Anieriea.    havinir    been    thorou-hly 
denionstrateil. 

The  short'  ends  of  two  oeean 
eahles  are  located  at  Halifax  in  a.l- 
diticiu  to  other  leadinsi  eahle 
telegraphic  facilitie 
niunication  with  every  port  ui  the 
civilize.l  .^lol.e.  Wireless  uistalla- 
tion-  at  l'auii)enlown.  just  outside 
the  citv.  in  constant  touch  with 
Sable    I'sland,   jdace    Halifax   in    the 


Miitincl    of    the 


I     1  I  >\v. 

r,  lie  of  a  \eritabK 
\,„ih  \tlantic  in  the  transmissinn 
,,f  marine  intelligence.  There  are 
4*,  piers  and  wharves  alons;  the  lour 
niile  water  front,  nine  of  which  are 
et^cieiitlv  eMuipped  und.r  (.overn- 
.nntrol    to    accommodate    tlie 


,r-est   steamers  alloat.      These   np- 
t,.-date  arraUL;ements   can  be   dnidi- 


aml 
lirect   com- 


eated  on  the  Dartmouth  side  where 
several  e.|ually  commo,linns  piers 
are  alreadv  in  evidence  and  l)ro- 
"iected.  'file  railway  terminal  fa- 
cilities arc  constantly  beint:  auj:- 
UR-nted.  vear  by  year,  an.l  live  cili- 
x^.ns  l,.ok  forward  to  the  <lay  when 
the  -whistle  of  the  Hon-  Kon^' 
train"  will  sound  at  every  pier  on 
the     -vaier    front     alout,'    its     entire 

'enuth. 

l-,,ur  line-  of  railway  arrive  ami 
dei)art  daily,  soon  to  be  followed 
hy  a  fifth,  and  on  the  completion  tif 
the  National  Transcontinental  a 
-ixlh.  <m  three  of  which  passenijers 
.^,.;n_  l,^.  ;,!,!^.  to  book  for  the  I'acihc. 
About    _'()   lines  of    steamers    utilize 

14 


MKI.VII.I.E      i>l.\Mi 


i1k'  ]ii<n  '111  roi;iiIar  >clK'iltilis  in 
stiinnur.  aiii!  in  tlic  winter  half  a 
ili)/i'n  ntlu'r  lines  Ucsiiles.  Tlic  l;'.t- 
I'st  additions  arc  ilircct  lino  tn 
.McNici),  Siintli  Africa  and  i'ranoo 
Tlu'  arrivals  and  dc|iarinris,  for- 
litjii  and  cna?  wiso.  liavc  a\era'^f(l 
ahmit  lo.oiK)  t(i  ii.(x)o  in  recent 
year>,  wit'i  an  a,tjt,'n  u'ate  t')nnat;e 
iif  tliree  millions.  Willi  the  excep- 
tion of  Japan  and  China  the  ilai;  of 
almost  every  nation  in  the  Wiirld 
may  he  seen  at  one  time  or  an- 
other during  a  i^nven  year  in  tlu' 
harbor.  In  the  matter  of  commer- 
cial intercourse  witli  the  .\ntipodes. 
the  commercial  airent  of  Canada  ai 
Sydney.  \'e\v  .South  Wales,  has  ad- 
vised the  I)epartnu-nt  of  'IVade  and 
C'ommerce  at  ()tta\\a  that  oci'.'in 
transit  (es])ecial  for  C'ana<lian 
manufactured  ponds  i  between  Can- 
ada, .\nstralia  and  Xew  Zeal.md  is 
more     desirable     via     the     Atlantic 


than  by  the  racilic,  Ihe  ex|>orts 
of  llalifax  from  the  latot  amuia! 
ntnrn^  approximate  Si).<«><).<'<x); 
t"i>h  leading,'  with  close  njion  S4,- 
(HK).iM)().  aL;ricnltnral  ]>rodncts  and 
animals  aboni  S,^.(x)(),()(x>,  lumber 
rather  undi'r  ilu-  norma!  a\era;.^e  of 
$i.(XK).oiK)  ;inil  manufacture-,  rather 
oxer  thret'-fourths  nf  a  million. 
.\pple  >hipmeut'-  footed  up  ,^7<).(XX) 
barrels.  ]iotatoes  5_>;-,(kx)  bushels. 

Till'  chief  item--  in  the  imports 
are  ^ul,^■lr  and  mola>.>es,  which  ti:.,'- 
nre  ra.her  over  S^(xx),()!K).  4,^j.(X)i) 
liarrel^  ,,\  llour  were  receivi'd  ilur- 
\vii  the  p;i>t  yiar  an<I  440  cars  of 
■  'ats  '("he  valuation  for  (.'i\ic  .\s- 
^essment  for  1(1(14-05  w;,--  not  (piite 
$JJ.ix^t(^.l)<■K)  and  the  rate  .Si.'x)  per 
Sl(K).  The  t'ivic  1  )ebt  iiicludint; 
Water  |)el)t  i-  >'lL;-htly  o-.'er  S,^.(K"X).- 
(XX).  Tile  ennmerators  for  .Mc.\l- 
piue's  (.'ity  I'lrectory,  record  17.-''); 
individu.al    names,    which    mtdtiplicd 


I- 


'fJU 


M  \l\    I'KliMEN  \1 


by  tlirci.-.  places  llie  rstiniated  luim- 
l)cr  of   inliahitaiits    for   tlie    i-iirnnt 
intiTccnsal     ])cri(>il     siiico     \>to\     at 
m.SS.;.      Inchidin.i:    nartnunitli    ami 
the  "-arrisim  now  coinpused  <>t  C  aii- 
adian   citizens,   die   total  p<'l'"l:"'"i' 
is    imdcrstood    to    he    about    Tjo.ock). 
The  adiniiiistratioii  of  the  affairs  of 
the  City  of  Halifax  is  in  the  hands 
of    a    ^iavor   and    Corporation    con- 
sistintr   of    iS    aldermen,    represent 
ins;  ^'^  wards.     .\  convention  of  the 
mayors  and  representatives  of  Can- 
adian cities  and  niunici]ialities  was 
held  at   Halifax  in   .\ut;ust   for  mu- 
tual counsel  and  deliberation.     Sev- 
eral of  the  visitors  covered  between 
=;,0OO  and  6,o(,xj  miles  tn  attend.  s;iv- 
\ng  some  idea  of  the  importance  of 
the  tjatherins;.     .\  handsome  device 
over  the  vestibule  of  the  City  Hall, 
electrically     illuminated     at     niirlit. 
bore   the   words,   "Municilial    Home 


|..„1^."_(  )ur  .Motto -"WeUonu." 
Anionir  other  lavish  entertainments 
bv  the  citizens,  a  complete  circuit 
\\,i>  made  of  the  harbor  and  all  its 
itilet>  by  the  ( )■  ivermnent  S.  S. 
•Wberdein."  winding'  up  with  an 
ai|natic  i)a,i;eant  of  illuminated  boats 
;,nd  canoes  ou  the  N'orlhwe-t  ".rm. 
'Ihf  fairy-liKe  ?-cene  made  a  viviil 
impression  on  the  visitini.;  mayors 
and  representatives. 

The  prevailing,'  i>roblcm  of  nnmic- 
ipal  o\vner>hii)  and  (>i)eratii.u  of 
public  utilities  is  l)einL;  threshed 
out  in  Halifax  with  a  \i,i,or  and  de- 
termination equal  to  tha'  (<i  any  on 
the  continent  The  water  supply 
of  the  city  is  the  only  franchise  en- 
tirely owned  and  controlled  by  its 
inhabitant-.  The  service  is  far  and 
awav  beyond  the  avera.s,a'  in  etiti- 
ciencv.  liotb  for  h;n-,.-.Ji(ild  tise  and 
tiie  ]irotection.  while  tlic  »  -■  of 
i6 


■»-    '*?54.'^-:*x..,f^*A"~  mL%j:z 


AW  vrv.i.ti^   nxsiN  and  nninv  r.i-i 

fi)tir  diilhir'^  i>;  iiiii'  of  t'lo  mn-it  iiuxl-  In     piMjii  ,riii  m     in     ii>     |ii  .piiLition, 

crati'  1.11  rocon!.      Mcantiiiu-  tli  ■  iK-  llalitas     ha-     an     iiin,snall>'     lari,'i- 

I'.irtniciit  pa>-  .'i!!  rnniiiv.;  i'\|)i-nst's  >trci't     inilca;,'-!',     .-i  msideraMy     n\iT 

.'.1    1   i-i   pffniliiall^'   cMiir^iiis'iinj,'    tlic  mo     tiiilr*.       I'm      street     iinprnve- 

wattr  (li't)t.  w  In'i-li  !■<  alxHit  onc-ihird  nunt<,     )ia\  i  iiuiii  -     and     si'woraye. 

of    till'    i,'r<iS-<    oity    nhlii^atii  m-,       [n  tm    K-;-    tlian   .S.'ixi.ixio   is    ln'ini;    jn- 

cimipariii!,'  a   ]i>ii','  c'*tal>lislu'd   com-  ilioinnsly  cNpondciI.  <o  that  tlie  (•it\- 

ninnity  in  the    I^a-t.  w'th  thi-  inoi'p-  i;i\f;  pronn'sc  of  heini;  a  niocld  one 

tioii   of  an   cnliri'ly   nrw   one   in   tho  in    ihi-    rc-piH-i    in    a    r  unparatis  riv 

West,    it    is    ohvioiis    that    the    later  l.riof  pi'iioi!. 

arrival  is  altoi^cthor  fri-o  frot)i  old  Th..  Kalifax  11.  .ard  of  iVado  is 
harnaclos  to  |>ro-ri---  and  time-  ,,n,.  ,,|  il,,.  m^^  pro.ur.-.>ivi.  "par- 
worn  iircjndiccs.  and  rcaily  |o  adopt  liaincnl-  of  hnsinc-s"  i,i  tlic  l)o- 
up-fo-dato  methods  without  lun-  minion  ..f  Canada.  ui;h  snli-lan- 
drance  to  the  I>ndy  politic,  The  tially  fnrni>luM  .piarters  in  the 
fire  department  of  Halifax  ranks  dc-  heart  "f  th.'  .  .mmercial  di-lrict. 
servedly  lii,i;h,  as  the  lue  recr,!  of  -I'lic  Halifax  I^lcctric  Tram  Corn- 
many  years  r.f  more  than  average  pany  operates  an  np-to-date  -erv  ce 
immnnity  fairly  dcmr.ii->trate-.  'idle  hy  a  main  line  cl'-,l\  c,u>-  ectini,' 
leffislatiire  ])rovided  nearly  Sfio.o'X)  with  a  licit  Imu-.  c  .\irini:  all  the 
for  additions  to  its  e(piipment  dur-  Kaclini;  thoron-lii'are-.  The  H.  P.. 
ini:  the  !a>t  two  se>.-ion<.  The  pn-  T,  C, ,.  ,-,U,,  pr,  ,vi,Ies  electric  li^ht 
lice  force  evoked  well  merited  en-  ,inc|  power,  tM-.ther  with  i;as  f.ir 
comiiims  for  its  personnel,  disci-  the  whole  cii\.  Fin.mci.all  v  t'lr 
pline  and  management  from  mem-  credit  of  Tl.ilifax  mav  he  jndL;ed 
i.er-  t>i  iJie  C,-in;idi;in  Afimicipal  fr..iM  liie  f.icl  liiat  its  last  {'--ne  -'f  4 
I'nion    dnrin;,'-    their    in vcstiyaHons.  'v-   cent.    Iionds    resulted    in    an   ac- 


_  i«  ^Siimajik  —. 


i8 


II  A  1. 1  I  A  \.    \"\  >    St  • '  r  I  \ 


i-i-t.tal>l.'  fivic    •■m-*t   ckh"  "^^••'   •""' 
al(..M-  par. 

Halifax  lia*  -i\  iliarttrf.l  l.ank>. 
lliriH-  ''ciiiy  l">:il  in>liitili'iii»  \vill>  ■' 
paiil  np  caiulal  "i  S7.5<kmh><)  .iikI 
rfM-rvc  >'i  S<»..U,^75-'-  '■'"'  I'-'"''  "I' 
i-apiial  aii.l  r.-it\f  "t  tlir  llirci-  ont- 
s\i\v  hank-  i>  S  »<',i<xt.'>  "'  '''i^'  :'v;i'ii- 
li.'N  ..I  llu'  Uxnu-  I'aiik-.  >|iria(l  mit 
likf  a  fan  in  all  .linction^..  fr.-iii  llu' 
.liManl  Vnkcm  ;m  Mcxio.,  I'nl.a.  tlu- 
West  lnttic'>  ..■111  "ilitr  l">iiil->  mar 
the  F.i|nat.ir.  «  >n»'  <>i  tliu  <)ui>i<K' 
Caiiailiaii  l.ank>  lia>  i.<-  hraiiclus 
l!  n'4liiint  till-  |)uniinii>n  in  aiMi 
ti,  .  l)ranclK's   at    l...inlnn    (  lui^j- 

lan.l).  \i'w  ^^lrk,  San  I'Vaiicisco. 
I'urttand  (()ri'ui>ii).  Siaillc  ami 
SkaK'way  n  llu>  I'nitril  State-. 
'riuTf  .-irt'  alsM  -cvcral  i)ri\ati'  h.uik- 
ini;  lioiiM-s,  tni-l  and  I'l.m  com 
l-aiiirs.  etc.  TIk-  l>ank  cli'arini;s  in 
11)1)4  were  over  .S'mi.ihx >."<'<>  at  Hali- 
fax. 

Tlie  indusirie-  "f  Halifax  stand 
tij^'litli  in  tile  list  <>f  Canadian  cities 
.ill  the  i.'stMiiuny  ,ii  [' .  S.  Consul 
Cetieral  H..ll>\say,  The  fishery  in- 
dustry .J'lirally  iie.ids  the  i>rcHe- 
siiin.  Til'  foremost  nurcantile  en 
terprise  i-  al-"  distinctly  maritime 
-  the  dt\  duck  "lie  iif  the  lar;;est 
and  in..-t  th<ir<  ii,.;hly  e<|u;;)pc(l  oti 
the  ciintiiieiit. 

'I"'ie      mineral      indii-lr\      of      the 
whole   I'roviiice  natiir.  M\    ci>n\erjie- 
at    the   capital,   for   a   nuitrrial    share 
of  its  iiiaiia<.;emeiit  aiul  di-trihtition 
In    domestic   mannf.ictnres   .-lothinL; 
paint     and     lead,    hoots    aii<l     shoes. 
Hour    mills,    hisciiit    and    c  mfeition- 
ery.    si)ice-,    powder    and    e\ido-i\' • 
mills,    iron    foundries,    stove    works, 
linishes   and    brooms   .-ire   all    repre- 
sented on  a   more   or   less   extensive 
scale,      'i'he   ipieslioii    oj    new    imlus- 
tries  is  a  hurnint;  one  in  the  city  of 


Halifax  ai  liie  pre-eiit  iiiomeiil  and 
|,romiiieiit  ciii/t'ii'.  ill  .onjiinction 
with  the  City  I'omieil  and  the 
I'.oard  of  Trade  are  en«;a«ed  in  pef- 
-i-teiit  et'lort-  lo  iitili/e  tiif  mani- 
fold aiKania^ics  of  aeee".sil)le  raw 
material-  and  exc»ptiniial  transpor- 
taiioii  facihtii-  inward-  a»id  out- 
ward- at  their  \er\  door--,  for  dis- 
trilmiioii  to  near  li>  home  markets. 
Xewfoniidland.  <  ireat  I'.ritain.  the 
I'niud  Slat.-.  W  e-t  In. lies  and 
.Mexic...  with  I-.iirope.in.  South 
.\frican  ami  .\n-tralasian  outlets  as 
an  ultimate   fiehl   for  expan-ioii. 

The    imhlic    hiiildins^s    and    scenic 
attractions    of    Hal  'ix    city    are    so 
ample  -<t   forth   in  ..  plethora  of  il- 
lustrate.I    tourist    ^,Mlille    hiM.ks    that 
.letaile.l   ilescriptioiis    wnuM    he  hnt 
•a   twice   tol.l    tale."       The    Province 
I '.nil. lint:   in   the   centre   of    the   c  ly, 
( io\eriiiiu  lit    House,   the    Xew   Cus- 
tom    House.     I',  i-t    <  XTice.    Nict.iria 
IJ.i-liital,    I'diiid    School.    Dalliousie 
Colle;;e.  City   Hall.   Deaf  and    Dumh 
Institution.   Infirmary.   I'.udist  Semi- 
nary, Convent   of  the  Sacre.l  Heart. 
Mount     St.     \iment.     .\cailem\     of 
Mu-i'-    and    others    in     a.Mitioii     to 
thirty-nine       churches.       twenty  -ix 
)iuhlic    -cho.  .Is    ami    ei.yhte.Mi    chari- 
table institution-  cmstitute  a  i^'roiip 
of   which  ai.\    city.    iiicir;i     or  iiioii- 
ern.    inii,dit     w.-ll    he    pioii,'..       .M  r'V 
of  ''h'  place-  of  wi>rslii|)  are  o|  .Kep 
li.slo-ical    interest,    nota'd.-    ..!  ■    l-i. 
r'aul's.   th.'    Round   Church    and    the 
.|u.iint   little    Dutch  I  liiirch   with   its 
chicken-cock      -pire.        '\'\w      Roillld 
Church.   Town    'lock,   ami    Prince's 
l.oil;<c    .'■'"e    clr.M-i~heil    reminders    of 
"\e   oM.'ii    time'     wlien    I'rince    l'",d- 
war.l.   Duke  oi'  Kent,  i:r;mdfatlier  i>f 
Kiiii^'  V.t\\     i<l  \H.  lixcd  ami  moved 
."■iid  hail   '>;^  heini;  lor  .•^evef.'l.year.- 
in     Halifax    as    ( ■ominamler-iii-chicf 


II   \  I.  I  I    \  \.      \  M  \   A      >i    I  .  II  A 


M) 


111    tllf    tr.iii|>»    III   ^;. nil-. II    ,11    llii     lie 
jiiimiii;^    ,,i    llir    l:i>i    I ,  iiiiirx .       I  in- 
I'liMii'  <  lanii'iix  aiiil    I'mnt    j'li  i-;iii< 
I'ark  f\llil>il   ■«.«  iii;iii\    |M.mt»  ■•'   |pu- 
liin'>i|iu-    lif.'mlN     aihl    ;illi«lii-    '  i-lr 
:i»    \'i   (lull    iiii>iiiiu  c|    ;t|>|irru,ii  I' 111 
MiMii      the      iii">l      f\;ii-liiii^'     triiir- 
t  >li|   Si     1 '  iiil-    r.iirviiiu    <  .nMiti.l    i> 
;iii   iiliicii    III'   ytrii    lii-iiiiii-   nii.ri'^t 
as  the   rc-»tiiiL;   plaic  .i|'  i:iil\    ili;;]]! 
lane-    ami    nrruiaU    in    pre  ri'vilii 
lioiiarv    I'liu  ■.      It   ;il>ii  (■..ii!  liii*  ili. 
WfUt'iiril    .11  II     i'arkir     M.iiiiimi  hi  . 
I'll!'   Ill   the   iiiiphI    iiii|iii-iiiL;    inilitarv 
nuiiiiirial--    in    ilu-    I  >i.niiiiii  m       I'.ni 
.Ma>si'\.    till'    \a\al    (  iMiu'tcrx    aiiil 
till-    l.itlU'    hntiii    r.niial    I'iao'    ar 
aiu'ciil    riii(>    nf    ilic    iliail,    n|iliic 
wiili    a»in-iati.in>    ni    ilif    |i:i*t.       \ 
nnlilc  litVlik,-  ■.latiic  nl  llmi    |.i~i|i|i 
lliiv\i\    \ii\a    Sf.itia'--    nif»i    ili-iin 
Kiii-lu'il    Mill,    adiin;-    llic    -mtluip 
aira     iif      till'      I'ln,  iiui'       lliiiliiiii'^ 

KTlMllllls,  It       is      -Ui,      |,r,,|i.,^ri|     III 

iTi-ct    a    staliU'    lit'    aiiiillur    iiniiu-m 
I'ili/i'ii.      Sir      Saiiincl      (  iinanl.      a 
( ■ritnliaiik.        Aiiiiniy     nijurs     wlin 
!ia\,'    lift    1  iiditriiti;    I'anu'    as   a    jii-t 
iiiliiriiaiui',    Hull.    I.    W  .    Ii.liiist.iiii', 
Sir    \\  illiain    Niniii;^,    (liiff    liistic- 
I  lalliliiirtiiii.   Sir    I'eiiu  i<-I;    Williams 
of  Kars  ami  Sir  li.iin   lni,'lis,  ih,.  ,\c. 
fiinlir  .if  l.tn-kimw.  will  alsn  ilmilit- 
li-ss    have    tlu-ir    iiuMiii  .rii's    liMiiiiiril 
at    III!    distani    ilav .      A     I'.ik  r    W  ar 
.'•^taiiif   at    tin-   n.iiilnTii    ana    .if   tin- 
i'mviiKT     I'.iiiMin-     an]    aiMtlur    in 
'111'    I  'iiMir    (  i.inlciis.    w  Ith    tlir    Vic 
liiria    liiliiloi'    I'li.ntain    M  tnu  I'-'al   at 
llu-    same    |ilai'i'.    arc   sain-.l    niiii-cl- 
iif   rc-aii!   titlin-l>    lU-ci  iiatnl  <.ii   an 
ni\  its;,,  i,.^    and    -],,■, -ial    nci  :■  -    ins. 

Mlirc  arc  nimici-Mns  lilirai'ics,  in- 
clinliiii;  tlic  (it/ells'  I'-a^c  l.il.rarv 
in  ll'c  Citv  Hall.  The  hnicls  arc 
M-cr  tlfiy  in  !i!i!;:!,cr  :ii  a-Mitii.-i  t^ 
restaurants    and    a|iann'cnt     Imn-c- 


111  disiraMc  residential  siciiiiim 
Mu'  liilifa\.  tjneeii  and  kiiiu  I'd- 
uard   .111-   ani.iin^   tlie   largest    ImtcN. 

I  lie    Wavilliv    lias   liiiio    Iieiii    ,\    |,i,i. 

iiiiniiced     laviiiite     Willi      \ineiicaiis. 

iiwiny    III   its   excellence   i.f    inana;4e 

inetii.  Iiiiiiie  c.iinlnrts  and  ayreealil,. 

-nri'  •nndint;s 

Idle      eii  \       lias      I V,,,      n|i.t..  date 
lulls.    el.'-anll\     ap|i"inliil    in    s|||, 
:.inlial    liiiiidin^-      i    ^  aclii    S.|iiad 

mil    t  InliliMiisc    a         i;iiiiinds.    I.nir 

U 1      iiiwiiil;      »1iiIis.     Ihuiscd     and 

ci|nipp.  d  mi  ni.i  Ici  n  liin  .  W  aiider 
I  rs  and  ullit  r  aniateiir  aililclic  .i- 
siiciatiiiiis.  Stndlex  (jn.ut  (  liiK  nf 
inteniatiiiiial  reiiiitc,  lusidcs  imm 
ermis  iilicr  i  .r'^^ani/alii  in-  f^  ir  iicre 
all. Ill    in    .1    lii-li    state    nf   eriiciciic\  . 

I  lie  speed  trai'k  at  tile  I' \lliliitli  .ii 
<  Iriiinuls  I-  adiniitcd  In  ln'  .iiu  nf 
llic  licst  in  (  anada 

I  apprcci.itt-  tile  scenic  allrac- 
tiitis  ,,|  ilalifas.  a  dri\c  ni  walk 
a"iiiin.l  till  rainparls  .,f  the  (  ii.i.lel 
afliir.N  the  in..s|  c  ini)ireliensi\  f 
\  lew  I  lure  ai'e  few  till. re  cliann- 
III...'  landcapes  in  aii>  pari  nf  ihc 
■\"rld    Man    the    p.-iimrania    ..f    sea. 

■  >  .and  l.rd  in  si-ln  frmii  xantai^c 
p'lints  ..ii  r.  lad  and  fn.ii  paili  en 

ciicli.ii;  I  he  ni.ial  >>i  1  ..ri  (  ic.iri.ie  ..n 
a  sninnier  da\.  llu-  cup  .I'licil 
i-iianu:cs   hkc  a  k.ahid.  .sci  iju'  .  .f    \'a- 

'll'i'  e\cr\  few  _\ards.  here  ihc 
vh.ile  city  at  a  L;l;incc  with  it- 
clmrcli  s[,i|-c^  an.l  l.ifiiest  liniMiin.;- 
i'ltcrspcr-.  ,1  vMih  f.  ,l,a;j,,  ii,,.,-i.  j., 
the  l".  .re-naind  ihc  wi.lc  c\pan-c 
"f  tile  harlmr.  with  a  cruiser  s,n,a.| 
r.iii  swill-ill;^  at  anidi..r,  I'.df.  .nl 
r.as-n  <Mi  the  ..He  hand,  th.-  Ivistern 
i';issaL;e  nil  -JU'  ..iher  like  a  sij-,,.,- 
thnail,  an.  Ill  the  i;ras~y  sl,.|n.^  an.] 
Iti.Miriant    niiniatnrc    I'.ir.-t    ..f    .\|,-- 

VI*  It  .  .        - 

.\a;i-     i>;aiM.     ail. I     m     tin*     i|is;aiii 
•ierspccli\c    a     clear,     full     \icw     ..f 


20 


HALIF.VX,      XOVA     SCOTIA 


DartiiKHitli.  \v=th  a  lilinipsc  of  tin- 
First  Lake.  .i>rk  Redoubt  too,  to 
rivet  tlic  eyefeast.  with  its  picUtres- 
(jue  winding  ro.id,  eapin-d  by  a  t:eii- 
ennis  stretch  of  the  l)ro;id  Athiiitic 
ii!  the  farther  l)eyoiid.  'ihe  western 
circumfereiu-c  of  the  fitadel  road- 
way K'ves  a  far  rcacliitit,'  l)ird's  eye 
view  of  the  Public  (iardens,  Camp 
Hill  ("enictery,  the  North  West  en- 
virons, the  'F.xhibition  I'.uildinj^'s 
and  in  the  distance,  undulatinjj;  hills 
and  tree-clad  hei,t,dus.  clothed 
with  the  smiling  farms  and  cottat;es 
of  the  Dutch  village.  The  approach 
by  sea  sui)])lies  a  succession  of  ma- 
rine views  almost  as  striking  and 
])roves  an  unfailing  source  of  a<l- 
miration  to  visitors.  Dryden's  ver- 
sion of  Virgil  typifies  the  site  of  old 
Chebucto  all  down  the  centuries. 

"Within  a  Iouk  rct-cvi  tlicre  lio<  ,1  B.iy, 
An  islanil  shades  it  from  fhi>  n.llinR  sia 
.\nd  forms  a  Port  sociirc  for  ship-;  to  ri(l^^ 
Rroke  by  the  juttinR  land  on  either  side." 

In  addition  to  is  physical  beauty 
Halifax  Harbor  is  a  grand  com- 
mercial asset  not  only  for  its  resi- 
dents, but  for  the  Province  and  the 
wdiole  Dominion  as  well.  A  great 
change  has  taken  place  in  Halifax 
during  the  i)resent  year  in  the  trans- 
fer of  its  extensive  fortifications  by 
the  F.ritish  (lovernmetit  to  the  Do- 
minion authorities  at  Ottawa.  The 
garrison  is  now  manned  entirely  by 
the  Canadian  Permanent  Army 
Corps,  a  few  officers  of  the  Im- 
perial forces  remaining  for  puri)oses 
of  instruction.  The  I'.ritish  drum 
beat,  which  has  been  a  familiar 
sound  for  157  years  h;.s  ceased,  the 
Canadian      Department     of     Militia 


and     Defence     taking    full     charge. 
Tin-   conditions    'f  the  transfer   are 
not  definitely  known  to  the  man  on 
the   street,  but   it   is   generally   sttr- 
mised  that  something  ntore  or  less  in 
the  nature  of  a  trusteeship  governs 
the  situation.  Hopes  are  enteriained 
in    many    (piarters    that    the    with- 
drawal of  tin-  over  sea  military  ele- 
n.eiit    will   eventually   have    a   salu- 
tarv    eft'cct    in    developing    a    more 
self-relying     and     go-ahead     sjiirit. 
Varying     oj)inions     exist     on     this 
point    as   the    associations   of   social 
intercourse  which  became   part   and 
l)arcel  of  the  daily  life  for  a  century 
and   a  half  have   naturally   brought 
ubout   a  community  of  interest  not 
onlv  with  the  officers  of  the  many 
distinguished   ngiments   serving  on 
the  station,  but  also  with  the  rank 
and    file.      Rarely    has    a    battalion 
left   the    city    without    a    number   of 
its     members    having    secured    life 
wartners     from      among      the      fair 
daughters  of  Acadia,  so  that  it  will 
be  considerable  time  before  interest 
in     the    ]iersonnel    of     the     lliitish 
.\rmy    diminishes    in    many    famih' 
circles  high  and  low.    That  the  tra- 
ditions of  the   Im|)erial  Service  will 
be   fully  maintained  by  their  Cana- 
dian brethren  in  arms  may  be  taken 
as  a  foregone  conclusion. 

With  its  guardians  native  to  the 
soil,  the  well-known  quotation 
from  I'.ishoj)  P.erkeley's  rtdc  "West- 
ward the  course  of  I';m])ire  takes  its 
way"  will  have  for  the  young  Do- 
minion a  wider  significance  beyond 
the  West  through  a  chain  of  com- 
munication from  Halifax  to  Van- 
couver— twin  gateways  of  twin 
seas. 


Sir* 


